{"id":10478,"date":"2018-09-19T08:29:27","date_gmt":"2018-09-19T05:29:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energosteel.com\/methods-for-volumetric-hardness-measurement-of-grinding-balls\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T14:59:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T11:59:32","slug":"methods-for-volumetric-hardness-measurement-of-grinding-balls","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energosteel.com\/pl\/methods-for-volumetric-hardness-measurement-of-grinding-balls\/","title":{"rendered":"Metody pomiaru twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej kul miel\u0105cych"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Istnieje kilka metod pomiaru twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej <a href=\"https:\/\/energosteel.com\/en\/\"><em><strong>kul miel\u0105cych<\/strong><\/em><\/a>. Podstaw\u0105 wszystkich metod jest metoda okre\u015blania hartowno\u015bci, a mianowicie metoda hartowania ko\u0144cowego z krokiem pomiaru twardo\u015bci od 1,5 mm do 3 mm (GOST 5657-69).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Hartowno\u015b\u0107 \u2014 zdolno\u015b\u0107 stali do uzyskiwania twardo\u015bci na okre\u015blonej g\u0142\u0119boko\u015bci od powierzchni do \u015brodka.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">W niniejszym artykule \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440zymy 4 najcz\u0119\u015bciej stosowane metody pomiaru twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej kul miel\u0105cych:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\"><strong>1. Metoda wyznaczania twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej zaproponowana w DSTU 3499-97 \/ DSTU 8538:2015.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Metoda ta polega na pomiarze twardo\u015bci we wszystkich cz\u0119\u015bciach promienia kuli miel\u0105cej, u\u015brednieniu otrzymanych warto\u015bci oraz wyznaczeniu twardo\u015bci wed\u0142ug wzoru:<\/p>\n<p><strong>VH= 0,289 T<sub>surf<\/sub>+ 0,436 T<sub>0,25<\/sub> + 0,203 T<sub>0,5<\/sub> + 0,063 T<sub>0,75<\/sub> + 0,009 T<sub>c<\/sub><\/strong><br \/>\nWhere:<br \/>\nVH \u2014 twardo\u015b\u0107 obj\u0119to\u015bciowa kul miel\u0105cych;<br \/>\nT<sub>surf<\/sub> \u2014 twardo\u015b\u0107 powierzchniowa kul miel\u0105cych;<br \/>\nT<sub>0,25<\/sub> \u2014 twardo\u015b\u0107 na g\u0142\u0119boko\u015bci 0,25 promienia;<br \/>\nT<sub>0,5<\/sub> \u2014 twardo\u015b\u0107 na g\u0142\u0119boko\u015bci 0,5 promienia;<br \/>\nT<sub>0,75<\/sub> \u2014 twardo\u015b\u0107 na g\u0142\u0119boko\u015bci 0,75 promienia;<br \/>\nT<sub>c<\/sub> \u2014 twardo\u015b\u0107 w centrum kuli miel\u0105cej;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Schemat pomiaru twardo\u015bci<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/energosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/20180919_1_.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\"><strong>2. Druga metoda pomiaru twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej stosowana w Bu\u0142garii.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Pomiar i obliczenia wykonywane s\u0105 strefami (4 strefy odpowiadaj\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bciom promienia jak w DSTU 3499-97 \/ DSTU 8538:2015, jednak pomiary wykonywane s\u0105 w \u015brodku ka\u017cdej strefy).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Wyznaczanie twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej odbywa si\u0119 wed\u0142ug wzoru:<\/p>\n<p><strong>VH = (48,8 * T1 strefa + 29,6 * T2 strefa + 15,2 * T3 strefa + 5,6 * T4 strefa + 0,8 * centrum) \/ 100<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Schemat pomiaru twardo\u015bci<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/energosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/20180919_2_.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Metoda ta ma niewielk\u0105 wad\u0119, poniewa\u017c nie uwzgl\u0119dnia twardo\u015bci powierzchniowej kul miel\u0105cych.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\"><strong>3. Trzecia metoda stosowana w Turcji.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Metoda ta polega na pomiarze twardo\u015bci od powierzchni do \u015brodka z krokiem <strong>R\/12<\/strong> (na przyk\u0142ad: promie\u0144 <strong>R<\/strong> wynosi 30 mm dla kuli miel\u0105cej o \u015brednicy 60 mm, w\u00f3wczas <strong>R<\/strong> dzieli si\u0119 na 12 odcink\u00f3w i otrzymuje krok 2,5 mm).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Wyznaczanie twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej odbywa si\u0119 wed\u0142ug wzoru:<\/p>\n<p><strong>VH = 22,97%*<\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>1 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 19,16% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>2 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 15,68% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>3 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 12,56% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>4 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 9,78% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>5 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 7,35% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>6 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 5,27% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>7 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 3,53% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>8 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 2,14% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>9 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 1,1% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>10 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 0,41% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>11 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><strong> + 0,06% <\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>12 strefa<\/sub><\/strong><br \/>\nWhere: <strong>T1\u2013T12 strefa<\/strong> \u2014 warto\u015bci twardo\u015bci w ka\u017cdej strefie kuli miel\u0105cej od powierzchni do \u015brodka, mierzone wzd\u0142u\u017c jednego promienia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Schemat pomiaru twardo\u015bci<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/energosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/20180919_3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"402\" height=\"363\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Metoda ta ma niewielkie wady, poniewa\u017c pomiary wykonywane s\u0105 wzd\u0142u\u017c jednego promienia i nie wykluczaj\u0105 wyst\u0119powania miejscowej (punktowej) twardo\u015bci.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\"><strong>Czwarta metoda pomiaru twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej stosowana w Czechach.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Metoda ta jest podobna do poprzedniej: pomiar i obliczenia wykonywane s\u0105 strefami (10 stref rozmieszczonych od powierzchni A do \u015brodka J, przy czym promie\u0144 przyj\u0119to jako r\u00f3wny 1).<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>D<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>E<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>F<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>G<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>H<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>I<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>J<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Wyznaczanie twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej odbywa si\u0119 wed\u0142ug wzoru:<\/p>\n<p><strong>VH<\/strong> = 0,271*<strong>A<\/strong> + 0,217*<strong>B<\/strong> + 0,169*<strong>C<\/strong> + 0,127*<strong>D<\/strong> + 0,091*<strong>E<\/strong> + 0,061*<strong>F<\/strong> + 0,037*<strong>G<\/strong> + 0,019*<strong>H<\/strong> + 0,007*<strong>I<\/strong> + 0,001*<strong>J<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Schemat pomiaru twardo\u015bci<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/energosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/20180919_4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"399\" height=\"400\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Podsumowuj\u0105c, mo\u017cna stwierdzi\u0107, \u017ce wszystkie metody s\u0105 analogiczne i prowadz\u0105 do tego samego celu \u2014 okre\u015blenia g\u0142\u0119boko\u015bci warstwy zahartowanej od powierzchni do \u015brodka kuli miel\u0105cej.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 20px;\" align=\"justify\">Stalowe kule miel\u0105ce o hartowno\u015bci przekrojowej (czyli wysokiej twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej) maj\u0105 jednorodn\u0105 struktur\u0119, a w konsekwencji takie same w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci (granica plastyczno\u015bci, przew\u0119\u017cenie wzgl\u0119dne i udarno\u015b\u0107) w ca\u0142ym przekroju, co zapewnia wysokie w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci eksploatacyjne: odporno\u015b\u0107 na zu\u017cycie podczas pracy w m\u0142ynie oraz zmniejszenie zu\u017cycia kul miel\u0105cych na jedn\u0105 ton\u0119 surowca.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Istnieje kilka metod pomiaru twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej kul miel\u0105cych. Podstaw\u0105 wszystkich metod jest metoda okre\u015blania hartowno\u015bci, a mianowicie metoda hartowania ko\u0144cowego z krokiem pomiaru twardo\u015bci od 1,5<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10479,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[172,169,201],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arhiv","category-kontrola-jakosci","category-wsparcie-techniczne"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Metody pomiaru twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej kul miel\u0105cych<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Istnieje kilka metod pomiaru twardo\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej kul miel\u0105cych. 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